Comparing the file's SHA-256 hash against known safe versions provided by developers.
Below is a paper discussing the technical and security implications of downloading executable files from unverified online sources, using "Fira The Games" as a situational case study. download-fira-the-games-download-exe
Using modern antivirus solutions that look for suspicious code patterns rather than just known virus signatures. Conclusion Comparing the file's SHA-256 hash against known safe