Kratkoe Soderzhanie 14 Paragrafa Istorii Novogo Vremeni 7 Klass -

States like France and England began prioritizing national security and territorial expansion over religious unity. ⚔️ The Thirty Years' War (1618–1648)

This was the defining conflict of the era, initially sparked by religious tensions in Bohemia but evolving into a continent-wide struggle for power.

The profession or skill of managing international relations through representatives. States like France and England began prioritizing national

The political or military predominance of one state over others.

The Catholic League (led by the Hapsburgs) vs. the Protestant Union (supported by France, Sweden, and Denmark). The political or military predominance of one state

The House of Hapsburg aimed for a "Universal Monarchy" under the Holy Roman Empire, leading to tensions with other emerging powers.

Equality between Catholicism and Protestantism (Lutheranism and Calvinism) within the Empire. The House of Hapsburg aimed for a "Universal

France and Sweden emerged as dominant European powers, while the Holy Roman Empire was significantly weakened. 💡 Core Vocabulary