Thirty-years-war

The Peace of Augsburg was reaffirmed and expanded to include Calvinism, effectively ending the era of large-scale religious wars in Europe.

More people died from typhus and plague—spread by marching armies—than from actual combat. 4. The Turning Point: Gustavus Adolphus thirty-years-war

Spain and the Holy Roman Empire fought to maintain Catholic dominance and imperial unity. The Peace of Augsburg was reaffirmed and expanded

France emerged as the dominant power on the continent, while the Holy Roman Empire began a long, slow decline into a loose collection of independent states. thirty-years-war

Some regions of Germany lost over 50% of their population .