: Soviet forces pushed the Axis back through Eastern Europe, culminating in the Fall of Berlin in May 1945.
The war shifted from a swift maneuver-based "blitzkrieg" into a grueling war of attrition and ideology—what the Nazis called a "war of annihilation". Barbarossa: The Russian German Conflict, 1941-45
Historians often point to three main reasons for the German failure: : Soviet forces pushed the Axis back through